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The Cinema of Tamil Nadu, (also referred to as Tamil cinema, the Tamil film industry, or Chennai film industry) is the Chennai–based Tamil language film-making industry of the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is based in the Kodambakkam district of Chennai, where several Tamil language feature films are produced, which has led to a colloquial reference to it as Kollywood (Tamil: கோலிவுட்), a portmanteau of the words Kodambakkam and Hollywood.

Silent movies were produced in Chennai since 1916 and the era of talkies dawned in 1931 with the film Kalidas. By the end of the 1930s, the industry was booming to the extent that the State of Madras legislature passed the pioneering Entertainment Tax Act 1939 with little opposition. Tamil cinema has had a profound effect on the film-making industries of India, with Chennai becoming a hub for film-making industries of other languages, and also Sri Lankan cinema in the 1990s. Tamil–language films are further made in other countries.

Today, Kollywood films are distributed to theatres around the world. Hence the industry serves as one of India's most successful entertainment hubs. Tamil films have gained popularity with wide distribution in regions outside of India, such as in Sri Lanka, Singapore, Japan, Korea, Malayasia, Mauritius, South Africa, Eastern Europe, North America, and other significant Tamil diaspora regions.

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